Cities and Founders

1. Who is the founder of Delhi City?

  1. Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan
  2. Qutub ud-din Aibak
  3. Anangpal Tomar
  4. Prithviraj III
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Answer: Option C. Anangpal Tomar

Delhi was established by Anangpal Tomar in 1052. Evidence of this founding can be found in a 1383 inscription housed in the Delhi Museum, which confirms the role of the Tomars in founding Delhi. Anangpal Tomar initiated the Tomar Dynasty in Delhi during the early 8th century, choosing to build his capital in Anangpur village, located in Haryana.

2. Who was the founder of Ajmer City?

  1. Ajayaraja II
  2. Vigrahraj II
  3. Arnoraj
  4. Vasudev
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Answer: Option A. Ajayaraja II

According to historical accounts, Ajayaraja II is credited with establishing the city of Ajayameru, known today as Ajmer, as mentioned in the 12th-century text Prithviraja Vijaya. Historian Dasharatha Sharma points out that the earliest reference to Ajmer appears in Palha’s Pattavali, copied in 1113 CE (1170 VS) at Dhara, suggesting that the city existed before this time. Additionally, a prashasti found at Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra and issued by Vigraharaja IV confirms Ajayaraja II’s connection to Ajmer, indicating his relocation there.

​Another text, Prabandha-Kosha, mentions that the Ajayameru fort, later known as the Taragarh fort of Ajmer, was commissioned by Ajayaraja I in the 8th century. Historian R. B. Singh supports this claim by citing inscriptions from the 8th century found in Ajmer. Singh further proposes that Ajayaraja II expanded the city, built palaces, and shifted the Chahamana capital from Shakambhari to Ajmer.

3. Who was the founder of Jaunpur?

  1. Zafar Khan
  2. Mohd. Bin Tughlaq
  3. Gyasuddin Tughlaq
  4. Feroz Shah Tughlaq
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Answer: Option D. Feroz Shah Tughlaq

Jaunpur, previously called Sultan, traces its history back to 1359 when it was established by the Sultan of Delhi, Feroz Shah Tughlaq. The city was named after his cousin, Muhammad bin Tughluq, also known as Jauna Khan.

4. Who was the founder of the city of Agra?

  1. Bahlol Lodi
  2. Sikandar Lodi
  3. Mubarak Shah
  4. Akbar
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Answer: Option B. Sikandar Lodi

Agra, situated on the eastern bank of the Yamuna River, has roots tracing back to the era of the Mahabharata. It was founded by Sikandar Lodhi, a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1504. Later, Akbar, another historical figure, founded the modern city of Agra on the opposite bank of the river. This newer part of Agra became renowned for its association with the Mughal dynasty and gained global recognition as the city of the Taj Mahal.

5. Who was the founder of Fatehpur Sikri?

  1. Babar
  2. Shah Jahan
  3. Humayun
  4. Akbar
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Answer: Option D. Akbar

Fatehpur Sikri, located in the Agra District of Uttar Pradesh, India, was established as a town in 1569 by the Mughal Emperor Akbar. It gained renown as the victorious city of the Mughal empire and served as the capital for over a decade, from 1571 to 1585.

6. Who was the founder of Calcutta?

  1. Robert Clive
  2. Job Charnock
  3. Warren Hastings
  4. Lord William Bentinck
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Answer: Option B. Job Charnock

Job Charnock, an English administrator working for the East India Company, is often credited as the person who established the city of Calcutta. However, this belief has been questioned, and in 2003, the Calcutta High Court ruled that he should not be considered the city’s founder. Present-day Kolkata was originally built upon three villages: Sutanuti, Kalikata, and Gobindapur.

7. Who was the founder of Bhopal state?

  1. Dost Mohammad Khan
  2. Nur Mohammad Khan
  3. Yasin Mohammad Khan
  4. Nawab Hamidullah Khan
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Answer: Option A. Dost Mohammad Khan

Dost Mohammed Khan, an Afghan soldier, established the State of Bhopal in 1724. He gained prominence during the collapse of the Mughal Empire. This period marked the beginning of Islamic influence on the predominantly Hindu city of Bhopal, affecting its culture and architecture. Initially, Dost Mohammed Khan set up his capital in Jagdishpur, located 10 km away from present-day Bhopal. Later, he relocated the capital to the current city of Bhopal. While he ruled Bhopal, he recognized the suzerainty of the declining Mughal Empire. However, his successors declared Bhopal an independent state and took on the title of “Nawab”. Despite the Hindu Marathas conquering neighboring states like Indore and Gwalior in the 1730s, Dost Mohammed Khan’s descendants ensured that Bhopal remained under Muslim rule.

8. Who was the founder of Jaipur City?

  1. Mirza Raja Jai Singh
  2. Raja Man Singh
  3. Sawai Jai Singh II
  4. Mirza Sawai Jai Singh I
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Answer: Option C. Sawai Jai Singh II

Jaipur was established in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. The Maharaja of Jaipur is considered the leader of the Kachwaha clan. The Kachwahas, also known as Kachhawas, trace their lineage back to the Sun dynasty. In 1699, Aurangzeb granted the title “Sawai” to Jai Singh II. Sawai Man Singh was the final ruler of Jaipur. Mirza Sawai Jai Singh II formed a coalition with Marwar and Mewar to drive the Mughals out of Rajputana.

9. Who is the founder of Hyderabad state?

  1. Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah
  2. Tipu Sultan
  3. Sa’adat Khan
  4. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
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Answer: Option A. Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah

Nizam-ul-Mulk, the founder of Hyderabad, served as the viceroy of the Deccan intermittently during the years 1713 to 1721 under the Mughal emperors. He later resumed this role under the title Āṣaf Jāh in 1724.

During his time, he faced conflicts with the Marathas after the decline of Mughal authority in the Deccan region. One significant event was the Battle of Palkhed near Nashik, where he was defeated by Bajirao I, the son of Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath Bhatt.

10. Who is the founder of ‘Amritsar’ city?

  1. Guru Angad
  2. Guru Tegh Bahadur
  3. Guru Hargobind
  4. Guru Ram Das
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Answer: Option D. Guru Ram Das

Amritsar, established by Guru Ram Das, the fourth Guru of Sikhs in 1577, stands as Punjab’s largest and most significant city. Guru Ram Das directed the creation of the revered Amrita Saras, also known as the ‘Pool of Nectar,’ from which the city derives its name. Also, Amritsar serves as the focal point of Sikhism, housing the Harmandir Sahib, widely known as the Golden Temple, which is the primary place of worship for Sikhs.