Economic History of India (600-1000 AD)

1. Hiranya refers to what type of tax in early medieval India?

  1. A single cash assessment on villages as distinguished from the grain share of the king assessed upon the individual cultivators.
  2. Fines were levied for 10 offenses committed by villagers.
  3. A periodic tax levied primarily on agricultural land and the king’s usual share of grain.
  4. A local tax on goods entering a city
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Answer: Option A. A single cash assessment on villages as distinguished from the grain share of the king assessed upon the individual cultivators.

Hiranya was a type of cash tax levied in medieval India, primarily on agricultural products. While it literally means “gold,” it represented a monetary payment rather than an actual gold tax.

2. What was meant by the fines collected for the 10 offenses committed by the villagers?

  1. Pindakara
  2. Vartani
  3. Senabhakta
  4. Dasaparadh
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Answer: Option D. Dasaparadh

3. Which of the following forms of industry was prevalent in the early medieval period?

  1. The jewelry industry seems to have maintained its old level.
  2. A great variety and different qualities of textiles were produced.
  3. Saurashtra was famous for bell metal and Vanga for the tin industry.

Select the correct option from the codes below:

  1. 1 & 2
  2. 2 & 3
  3. 1, 2 & 3
  4. 1 & 3
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Answer: Option C. 1, 2 & 3

4. What was meant by an extra cess on the fixed revenue of the state in the early medieval period?

  1. Pindakara
  2. Udranga
  3. Bali
  4. Vishti
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Answer: Option B. Udranga

5. Which tax in early medieval India referred to a tax levied on an entire village?

  1. Hiranya
  2. Bhaga
  3. Vartani
  4. Pindakara
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Answer: Option D. Pindakara